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Bio Scouring:
With the increasingly important requirement for textile industries to reduce pollution in textile production, the use of enzymes in the chemical processing of fibres and textiles is rapidly gaining wider recognition because of their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Enzymes were discovered in the second half of the nineteenth century, and since are routinely used in many environmentally friendly and economic industrial sectors. There is increasing demand to replace some…



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Textile Learner

Cutting Machine:

Cutting Machine is used for cutting out parts of articles from layers of cloth card webs or knitted fabric. The technically possible depth of cutting of the layer depends on the design of the cutting machine and on the thickness and properties of the fabrics. Cutting machines may be movable or stationary. The machine is shifted manually relative to the layer along lines drawn on the top card web. The development of apparel sector has led to the invention of various fabric …



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Faults in Fabric

Fabric Faults in Weaving:

Warp way defect.
Weft way defect.
Fabric faults common to both warp and weft.

Warp way defect:

Warp stitching.
Long float.
Wrong warp.
Missing warp.
Double warp
Reed mark.
Knot in the warp.
Tight warp.
Slack warp.
Warp steak.
Selvedge effect;
Curly/wavy effect.
Corded selvedge.
Weft breaks or cuts at the selvedge.
Loops in the selvedge.
…



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Textile Learner

Define Onium Dyes:

Onium dye is a cationic dye, which is soluble by sulphonium, phosphonium or oxonium substituent. They produce insoluble color on the fabric during fixation process.

Mention the Properties of Onium Dyes:

It is insoluble in water, but it can soluble by sulphonium, phosphonium or oxoinum substituent.
It is a cationic dye.
It produce insoluble color on the fabric during…



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Fabric Inspection:
It is the responsibility of both the textile supplier and garment manufacturer to inspect all textiles to ensure their compliance with the buyer standard. Textile which are being exported to another country for use in the assembly of a finished product are required to be inspected by the buyer’s designed inspection service prior to shipment. It is the sole responsibility of the textile supplier to ensure that the textiles are inspected prior to shipment. For textiles which…



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Turquoise Color:

Turquoise is the color of the gem turquoise.
It is a slightly greenish shade of cyan. Turquoise is sometimes
described as a mixture of pale blue and green. The name comes from the
French for Turkish.

Turquoise Color

Types of Turquoise Color: There are six type of Turquoise Color. They are given below:

Pale Turquoise (web color) (Hex: #AFEEEE) (RGB: 175, 238, 238)
Turquoise Blue (Hex: #00FFEF) (RGB: 0, 255, 239)
Bright Turquoise (Hex: #08E8DE) (RGB: 8, 232,…



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Main Features of Braid Fabrics:

Braiding is a simple form of narrow fabric construction. A braid is a rope like thing, which is made by interweaving three or more stands, strips, or lengths in a diagonally overlapping pattern. They are used for various Industrial applications. They have good elongation characteristics and are very pliable, curving around edges nicely. 

Braid fabric

 The main characteristics of braid…



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Waterproofing:
“Waterproofing is nothing but preventing the passage of both air and water through a fabric.”

Purpose of Water Proofing:
For certain uses such as Tarpaulin, Umbrella cloth, Rain coat fabrics etc., it is required to give this type of finish as these type of fabrics are generally used against the air and water in the normal life. So they should have some property to prevent both air and water passing through them.

This finish makes the wearer feel uneasy and uncomfortable as…



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Moth Proofing:

“Moth proofing is a finishing which is given to prevent the growth of moth.” It is one kind of special finishing process of textile.

It is a chemical and property giving finish.

Purpose of Moth Proofing:
It is mainly carried out on wool fabrics as the keratin molecules are consumed by moths as food.

Since woolen fabrics are costlier, they have to be protected from moth.

Moth is a small insect that feeds on substances like keratin and fibroin and so animal fibres are…



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Shrinkage:
Shrinkage is the process in which a fabric becomes smaller than its original size, usually through the process of laundry. Cotton fabric suffers from two main disadvantages of shrinking and creasing during subsequent washing.

There are two types of shrinkage occurs during washing

1) Length wise
2) Width wise

Cause :
Due to high tension during preparation of fabric which result in excess stretch in yarn. This type of shrinkage is known as London shrinkage. Due to swelling…



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